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From 1861 to 1890 the Munich publishing firm of Braun and Schneider published plates of historic and contemporary costume in their magazine Munchener Bilderbogen.<br/><br/> These plates were eventually collected in book form and published at the turn of the century in Germany and England.
Horus was often the ancient Egyptians' national patron god. He was usually depicted as a falcon-headed man wearing the pschent, a red and white crown, as a symbol of kingship over the entire kingdom of Egypt.
Isis was a goddess in Egyptian mythology. She was the sister and wife of Osiris, and they had a son named Horus. Isis also protected children and was one of the most important goddesses. She was also considered the greatest magician and goddess of magic.
The music of Egypt has been an integral part of Egyptian culture since ancient times. The ancient Egyptians credited one of their Gods Thoth with the invention of music, which Osiris in turn used as part of his effort to civilize the world.<br/><br/> The earliest material and representational evidence of Egyptian musical instruments dates to the Predynastic period, but the evidence is more securely attested in the Old Kingdom when harps, flutes and double clarinets were played. Percussion instruments, lyres and lutes were added to orchestras by the Middle Kingdom. Cymbals frequently accompanied music and dance, much as they still do in Egypt today.<br/><br/> Egyptian folk music, including the traditional Sufi dhikr rituals, are the closest contemporary music genre to ancient Egyptian music, having preserved many of its features, rhythms and instruments.
The music of Egypt has been an integral part of Egyptian culture since ancient times. The ancient Egyptians credited one of their Gods Thoth with the invention of music, which Osiris in turn used as part of his effort to civilize the world.<br/><br/> The earliest material and representational evidence of Egyptian musical instruments dates to the Predynastic period, but the evidence is more securely attested in the Old Kingdom when harps, flutes and double clarinets were played. Percussion instruments, lyres and lutes were added to orchestras by the Middle Kingdom. Cymbals frequently accompanied music and dance, much as they still do in Egypt today.<br/><br/> Egyptian folk music, including the traditional Sufi dhikr rituals, are the closest contemporary music genre to ancient Egyptian music, having preserved many of its features, rhythms and instruments.
Egypt: Nefertari, Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Ramesses the Great of the 19th Dynasty (r. 1279-1213 BCE). Mural from the Tomb of Queen Nefertari, Thebes, c. 1298-1235 BCE.<br/><br/> Nefertari (-c. 1255 BCE), also known as Nefertari Meritmut, was the first of the Great Royal Wives of Ramesses the Great. Highly educated and literate, Nefetari corresponded with other prominent royals of the age and was a skilled diplomat. She is one of the best known Egyptian queens, alongside Cleopatra, Hatshepsut and Nefertiti. Her name meant 'beautiful companion'.
In ancient Egypt entertainment by dancers was common, but mixed gender dancing is not represented in murals and frescoes. Egyptian dancing may have been influenced by the Nubian tradition, which became very popular in Rome during the days of the empire, and is still alive in parts of the Sudan today. Dancers from the south were brought to Egypt and seemingly much admired.<br/><br/> Egyptian choreography appears to have been complex. Dances could be mimetic, expressive - similar to modern ballet with pirouettes and the like, or gymnastic, including splits, cartwheels, and backbends.<br/><br/> A few pictures of acrobatic dancers have been found, generally depicting a number of dancers performing the same movement in unison.<br/><br/> For sociable banquets the dancing girls were often selected from among the servants or the women living in the harem of the nobleman in whose house the party was held; possibly professional dancers were also hired for these occasions. Pictures of such gatherings show girls performing slow elegant dance steps, which may have alternated with wild acrobatic movements.<br/><br/> Public celebrations were accompanied by dancing, whether spontaneous or orchestrated.
Egypt: Nefertari, Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Ramesses the Great of the 19th Dynasty (r. 1279-1213 BCE). Mural from the Tomb of Queen Nefertari, Thebes, c. 1298-1235 BCE.<br/><br/> Nefertari (-c. 1255 BCE), also known as Nefertari Meritmut, was the first of the Great Royal Wives of Ramesses the Great. Highly educated and literate, Nefetari corresponded with other prominent royals of the age and was a skilled diplomat. She is one of the best known Egyptian queens, alongside Cleopatra, Hatshepsut and Nefertiti. Her name meant 'beautiful companion'.
In Egyptian mythology, Set is portrayed as the usurper who killed and mutilated his own brother Osiris. Osiris' wife Isis reassembled Osiris' corpse and embalmed him. Osiris' son Horus sought revenge upon Set, and the myths describe their conflicts. The death of Osiris and the battle between Horus and Set is a popular event in Egyptian mythology.
Hatshepsut (1508–1458 BC) was the fifth pharaoh of the eighteenth dynasty of Ancient Egypt. She is generally regarded by Egyptologists as one of the most successful pharaohs, reigning longer than any other woman of an indigenous Egyptian dynasty.
Horus was often the ancient Egyptians' national patron god. He was usually depicted as a falcon-headed man wearing the pschent, a red and white crown, as a symbol of kingship over the entire kingdom of Egypt.
The pictorial 'Shanghai Manhua' (Shanghai Sketch), published between April 21, 1928 and June 7, 1930, was a mixture of drawings, photographs and images ranging from advertisements to social criticism and political caricatures.<br/><br/> Shanghai Manhua was an outlet for professional cartoonists and sketch masters, generally of an avant garde or progressive nature. Many of the images printed in 'Shanghai Manhua' are observations of urban life in contemporaneous Shanghai, as well as often critical comment on the social mores of the time.
The music of Egypt has been an integral part of Egyptian culture since ancient times. The ancient Egyptians credited one of their Gods Thoth with the invention of music, which Osiris in turn used as part of his effort to civilize the world.<br/><br/> The earliest material and representational evidence of Egyptian musical instruments dates to the Predynastic period, but the evidence is more securely attested in the Old Kingdom when harps, flutes and double clarinets were played. Percussion instruments, lyres and lutes were added to orchestras by the Middle Kingdom. Cymbals frequently accompanied music and dance, much as they still do in Egypt today.<br/><br/> Egyptian folk music, including the traditional Sufi dhikr rituals, are the closest contemporary music genre to ancient Egyptian music, having preserved many of its features, rhythms and instruments.
Ra is the ancient Egyptian sun god. By the Fifth Dynasty he had become a major deity in ancient Egyptian religion, identified primarily with the midday sun. The meaning of the name is uncertain, but it is thought that if not a word for 'sun' it may be a variant of or linked to words meaning 'creative power' and 'creator'.<br/><br/> The chief cult centre of Ra was Heliopolis (called Iunu, 'Place of Pillars', in Egyptian), where he was identified with the local sun-god Atum. Through Atum, or as Atum-Ra he was also seen as the first being and the originator of the Ennead, consisting of Shu and Tefnut, Geb and Nut, Osiris, Set, Isis and Nephthys.
In Egyptian mythology, Apep was a serpent demon who represented the forces of chaos, death, and disorder. As such, he was the mortal enemy of order, personified as the goddess Ma’at, and light, as incarnated in the form of Ra.<br/><br/> This adversarial construal of the demon is evidenced in various surviving texts from the Middle Kingdom period onwards (ca. 2000-1650 B.C.E.), including the Book of the Dead and the Book of Gates—both of which are concerned with the geography and mythology of the underworld.
Meritaten also spelled Merytaten or Meryetaten (14th century BC) was an ancient Egyptian queen of the eighteenth dynasty, who held the position of Great Royal Wife to Pharaoh Smenkhkare, who may have been a brother or son of Akhenaten. Her name means 'She who is beloved of Aten', Aten being the sun-god her father worshipped; Meritaten also may have served as pharaoh in her own right under the name Ankhkheperure Neferneferuaten.<br/><br/> Meritaten was the first of six daughters born to Pharaoh Akhenaten and his Great Royal Wife, Nefertiti. Her sisters are Meketaten, Ankhesenpaaten, Neferneferuaten Tasherit, Neferneferure and Setepenre. She is known to have later married Pharaoh Smenkhare. There are no known children, but the young girls named Meritaten-tasherit and Ankhesenpaaten-tasherit are sometimes conjectured to be the daughters of Meritaten and Smenkhare.